SADC
Course Pack March 2020

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    Overview

    Botswana

    Botswana, a neighbour of South Africa and a key player in the SADC region, has had phenomenal economic gains and is regarded as one of the world’s rising economies. The growth momentum has however been subdued in recent times by the dwindling activities in the mining sector and although some recovery was registered in 2016 with a growth rate of 4.3%, the prolonged mining sector sluggishness, continuous shortages in the supply of water and electricity and drought led to a decline again in 2017 with growth standing at 2.4% (AfDB, 2018). Some turnaround is expected in the medium term (growth projected to be 4% by 2019) as significant recovery is expected in the mining sector, and sectors other than mining, such as communication, transport, trade, business, financial services, hotels, and restaurants are registering stupendous performances. Indeed, the decline in growth in 2017 could have been steeper but for the sectors other than mining (AfDB, 2018).

     

    Nambia

    Namibia is an integral player in the SADC region and is a neighbour to South Africa. Contrary to the country’s previous dispensation that saw complete state control of key sectors such as water and energy, there has been a paradigm shift, with the private sector actively participating in these important sectors. The paradigm shift is also expected to occasion massive private sector investment in the Namibian economy. The economy of Namibia has witnessed growth-related challenges in recent times, particularly since 2015, with growth plummeting from as much as 6% in 2015 to as low as 0.7% in 2016. The economy, in 2017, shrunk by 0.8% on the back of fiscal consolidation and declining investment in the mining sub-sector that has dampened demand in the economy (AfDB, 2018). The spiralling debt situation of the economy has necessitated the fiscal consolidation drive to tame the country’s debt levels. The Namibian economy continues to be heavily reliant on mining but that is expected to change as efforts are being made to diversify the economy. The country is also progressively investing in infrastructure, particularly in transport, the supply of water and energy, with as much as 74 billion Namibian Dollars (equal to 42% of the country’s GDP) being spent on infrastructural development (AfDB, 2018). This colossal investment (to be financed through development finance sources as well as private-public participation), is meant to provide the impetus for the economic transformation and diversification agenda (AfDB, 2018).

     

    South Africa

    The economy of South Africa is undoubtedly Africa’s most advanced and well-integrated with the global economy. In terms of size, the South African economy is second only to that of Nigeria on the African continent. Within the southern African sub-region, the economy of South Africa is a colossus and continues to champion the sub-regional integration agenda. The country’s financial system, which is home to one of the world’s elite Stock Exchanges, is well developed with all the features of the financial systems of the advanced countries. In the area of telecommunication, physical and energy-related infrastructure, the country is well advanced in the metropolitan areas but with a considerable infrastructural deficit in the rural communities. Similarly, while the South African economy is among the most prosperous and promising on the continent, the country continues to grapple with high-income inequality and relative poverty.

    As global leaders, it is vital to understand the business and socio-economic cultures of countries around the world. This course is an on-field, unique learning experience that exposes students to these key issues:

    • Review the history, social-cultural backgrounds, and political economies of Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone).
    • Overview of both Namibia and Botswana’s economic performances.
    • South African corporate investments in Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone).
    • Both Namibia and Botswana’s economic successes and challenges.
    • Degree of both Namibia and Botswana’s interest in South Africa and the sub-region.
    • Nature of global investment in both Namibia and Botswana.
    • Influence of both Namibia and Botswana’s investments in South Africa, and vice versa.
    • Employees’ values and behaviours in both Namibia and Botswana.
    • The risks and opportunities of doing business in Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone).
    • The central role of politics when doing business in the two countries (Namibia and Botswana).
    • Private enterprise and the specific challenges facing start-ups.
    • The special and evolving characteristics of the capital markets of Namibia and Botswana in the sub-region, and related risks.
    • The emergence of an increasingly powerful middle class and its impact on the consumer market and corporate social responsibility.

    This study tour exposes students to different economies and cultures in various destinations, as well as different organisations within South Africa (Johannesburg & Cape Town), Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone), including business schools, government agencies, state-owned enterprises, and private corporations.

    By the end of this course, students will be able to:

    • Draw on contemporary knowledge about business practices in Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone), in relation to South Africa, that will assist them to appraise the basics and standard protocol of interactions with the business environments in these countries.
    • Critically assess the economies of Namibia and Botswana and determine their strengths and weaknesses for doing business. 
    • Compare and contrast different cultures and the way of life in Namibia and Botswana relative to that in South Africa, and Africa as a whole.
    •  Evaluate and analyse business models of selected companies in South Africa (Johannesburg & Cape Town), Namibia (Windhoek), and Botswana (Gaborone).

    Curriculum linked to the context in South Africa
    The study tour draws on diverse experiences of South African companies in various markets. Here, the extensive use of company site visits highlights comparisons between the companies’ operations in Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone) with their operations in South Africa.

    Curriculum linked to the context in African and other dynamic emerging market economies
    The overarching objective is to identify opportunities geared towards increasing the volume of trade in the sub-region and climaxing for sustainable growth of the African continent, especially in the midst of the US-China trade war, the Brexit Brouhaha, the US-Iran tension, with the resultant fluctuation in global commodity and asset prices. The focus is to map these global issues to the level of individual African countries and major firms in those countries, in order to stimulate students to start considering these issues at a management level.

    Sustainability
    The visits to companies and institutions that form part of the study tour, address the optimal overall resource allocation in economies and the role of this allocation in economic systems such as free markets and command economies, or mixtures of these, in Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone).

    Entrepreneurial action
    The visits to companies and institutions provide students with insights into innovation and entrepreneurial action and (managed) risk-taking, thereby guiding them to make decisions at a management level.

    Critical engagement
    By focusing on examples of successful and unsuccessful business ventures in Africa and other emerging markets, the course enables students to acquire a better perspective on foreseeable and unforeseeable consequences of business decisions and actions.

    Schedules

    These schedules are subject to change, we will notify you when updates are made.

    FLIGHTS
    South Africa - Johannesburg
    Botswana
    Namibia
    South Africa - Cape Town

    Course assesment and assignments

    Learning Contract
    Please note, all visits and events on the global study tour are MANDATORY. Please refer to the standing orders regarding the tours. As a student you should review the Learning Contract and ensure you are fully aware of the methods and implications of the assessment approach as mark allocations cannot be changed retrospectively. If you have any concerns about the assessment you should raise this with your tour leader at the start of the course.

    The Importance of Preparation for the Study Tour
    The above readings should be read before departure. Students should also research on the companies that will be visited. The scope of this course covers a wide range of topics, thus a variety of readings have been carefully selected to provide different perspectives. It is essential that students focus on these readings and embark on company research. Appended with the readings are the links for ease of access. However, should you encounter any problems with the links provided consult the WITS library e-journals catalogue or consult the WBS Librarian.

    Teaching Methods
    Teaching emphasis in the MBA Global Study Tour is experiential and involves on-site action learning. The tour itself would entail visits to one or more destinations to provide broader international learning exposure for the student. Students should keep a learning log on insights that they gain from each business or organisation that they visit, and these logs are used for debrief sessions during the tour as well as to compile a post-study tour assignment on what they have learnt.

    Copyright Statement
    The articles, readings and cases included in this course pack have been copyright approved.

    Assessment: Individual Assignment
    Weighting: 75%
    Deadline: 6 April 2020
    Results Return Date: 20 April 2020

    Assessment: Amazing Race
    Weighting: 
    25%
    Deadline: To be determined by lead academic
    Results Return Date: To be determined by lead academic

    Please note: Students are required to sign and attach the WBS Plagiarism Declaration to each assignment submitted

    Pass Mark Requirements
    In terms of the Standing Orders, to pass a course a student is required to achieve a final cumulative average of 50% for a pass mark, and a sub-minimum of 35% for the examination. In a case where an assignment is an exam equivalent, failure to submit on time will result in the student being ‘failed absent’, with the result that the student will be removed from the programme.

    These assignments relate to the following MBA themes: Context in African and other dynamic emerging market economies, sustainability, and entrepreneurial action.

    Purpose: Based on the above MBA core themes, students will be exposed to experiential and on-site learning, thus students will need to contextualise the selected country and company in line with strategic management decisions.

    Requirement: Choose ONE of the following assignments:

    1. Provide a PEST ANALYSIS of a South African company entering into Namibia (Windhoek) and Botswana (Gaborone). 

    OR

    2. Provide a country risk profile for a company of your choice.

    OR

    3. Discuss your “take-home learnings” from the trip:

      1. Discuss what you learnt from the amazing race; what was new or different from what you had experienced before. Please include pictures to illustrate this.
      2. Please discuss each business meeting: Give some background information about the company and the environment in which it operates. Please highlight at least 3 key learning points from each meeting.
      3. Please discuss any other key learning points that you gained from going on this trip. (This can be anything you learnt either about yourself, the country or countries you visited, the people living there, your fellow travellers, or anything not covered in the two points above.)

    Instructions:

    • The presentation can be in any format you desire, be it PowerPoint, Word, or any other format you wish to use.
    • A minimum of 2000 words is required.
    • Please submit a hard copy to Karen Trent in the International Relations Office (IR Office, ground floor, Outeniqua House) with a plagiarism declaration by 13h00 on the deadline day
    • Use 1.5 line spacing and a 12-point font (Times New Roman).
    • Please ensure that you reference correctly,as per the WBS guidelines.

    Penalty for late submission: For every calendar day, or part thereof, that your assignment is late, 10 % will be deducted from your marks.

    Mark Allocation Criteria:  

    Application of theories developed and learnt throughout the MBA programme 30%

    Integration of theories learnt and experience acquired during the study tour 30%

    Research and use of relevant data to complement the assignment 30%

    Presentation: Referencing, style, presentation, etc. 10%

    TOTAL: 100

    Purpose
    The purpose of this assignment is for you to think quickly on your feet. It’s fun and interesting. You will be put into a syndicate group and will need to work as a team. This assignment requires you to think out of the box and familiarise yourself with the environment. As a suggestion, download maps, learn about the history of the country, all online attractions, and all modes of transport. 

    On completion of this exercise, each syndicate group must provide the following:

    • A brief report on the successes, challenges and lessons learnt during the exercise (maximum 500 words).
    • Pictures of the locations visited and anything of interest, relevant to the task.
    • A short video summarising the core of the assignment. (Professional editing not required.)
    • Receipts for the use of public transport and/or special facilities during the exercise.

    Provide all the above, except for the receipts, on a memory stick. 

    • Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2002). An African success story: Botswana. Available at: https://economics.mit.edu/files/284; Accessed on October 8, 2019.
    • Beaulier, S. A. (2003). Explaining Botswana’s success: the critical role of post-colonial policy. Cato J., 23, 227.
    • Taylor, I. (2012). Botswana as a ‘development-oriented gate-keeping state’: a response. African Affairs, 111(444): 466-476.
    • Hillbom, E. and Bolt, J. (2018). Botswana – A Modern Economic History. An African Diamond in the Rough. Palgrave MacMillan
    • Jongman, K., (2018). Sustainable Livelihood and Poverty Eradication in Botswana. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 7(4): 1317-24.
    • National Planning Commission (2018). Status of the Namibian Economy. Available at: https://www.npc.gov.na/?wpfb_dl=315; Accessed on October 5, 2019
    • Lange, G.-M. (2003). National wealth, natural capital and sustainable development in Namibia. Dea Research Discussion Paper, Number 56. http://www.the-eis.com/data/RDPs/RDP56.pdf
    • Christiansen, T. (2012). Assessing Namibia’s performance two decades after independence. Part II: Sectoral analysis. Journal of Namibian Studies, 11, 29-61.
    • Chabane, N., Goldstein, A. and Roberts, S. (2006). The changing face and strategies of big business in South Africa: more than a decade of political democracy. Industrial and Corporate Change, 15(3): 549-577.
    • Tchamyou, V.S. (2017). The Role of Knowledge Economy in African Business. Journal of Knowledge Economy, 8, 1189-1228.

    Additional Info and Contact Details

    Don’t forget your documents and chargers. Obtain the relevant adaptor when travelling outside South Africa.

     

    Bring Formal Wear (School ties and scarves will be provided) and Business Cards for Company Visits.

    The following dress code applies:

    • Conservative suits for men in subtle colours are the norm.
    • Women should avoid wearing high heels and short-sleeved blouses. 
    • Both men and women should wear subtle, neutral colours.
    • Casual dress should be conservative as well.
    • Men and women may wear jeans. However, jeans are not acceptable for business meetings.

    Weather

    Windhoek Weather

    Gaborone Weather

    EMERGENCY CONTACTS: TOUR LEADERS, HOTELS & SOUTH AFRICA EMBASSY

    Holiday Inn – Cape Town

    Address: Corner of, 66 Strand St, Cape Town City Centre, Cape Town, 8001

    Phone: 
    021 431 7500

    Avani Hotel, Windhoek

    Address: 129 Independence Ave, Gustav Voigts Centre, Windhoek, Namibia

    Phone: +264 61 280 0000

    Masa Square Hotel, Gaborone

    Address: Plot 54353, New CBD corner Khama Crescent & Western Bypass, Gaborone, Botswana

    Phone: (866) 238 4218

    South African Consulate-General, Windhoek, Namibia

    Address: South African High Commission, Cnr Nelson Mandela Avenue, and Jan Jonker Street, Windhoek 

    Phone: + 264 61 205 7111 / 7241/ 7240/ 7244/ 7243

    Email: windhoek.consular@dirco.gov.za

    South African Consulate-General, Gaborone, Botswana

                        

    Address: Plot 29, Queens Road, Gaborone, BOTSWANA 

    Phone: + 002 673 904800 /  4802 / 4803 

    Dr Fanny Saruchera

    (Lead Academic)

    Phone: +27 78 648 6934

    Email: fanny.saruchera@wits.ac.za

    Maurice Omane-Adjepong

    (Ass. Lead Academic)

    Phone: +27 63 388 6992

    Email: 17766375@students.wits.ac.za or omane.maurice@gcuc.edu.gh

    Delegation details

    Lead Academics

    Dr. Fanny Saruchera joined Wits Business School as a Senior Lecturer, Logistics and Supply Chain management. Although he is more of an inter-disciplinarian, Fanny‘s research and pedagogic interests include; logistics-marketing interconnectedness, consumer mythology, innovation management and commercialization, customer and supplier relationship management, transport and logistics management among other related themes.

    With close to fifteen years’ experience, Fanny combines an exceptional flare of both industrial and academic exposure within diverse cultural environments. He has worked in various capacities including customer service and business development in the private sector. He has also assumed various lectureship, academic leadership and programme coordination positions in top Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibian tertiary institutions.

    Dr. Saruchera has held various visiting lectureship positions in various African countries. He has published and co-published more than twelve research papers in various refereed journals, a monograph, and two book chapters. He is a reviewer for various top journals including the Journal of International Consumer Marketing (U.S.A.), Journal of Transport & Supply Chain Management (South Africa) and the Journal of Economics (India).

    He has presented at various academic and non-academic forums, conferences and seminars, by invitation, in Botswana, Germany, Kenya, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, USA, Zambia and Zimbabwe. He has also run successful management consultancy projects and workshops in various fields including strategic planning, train-the-trainer, marketing, logistics, procurement and supply chain management in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

    Educated with a combination of Zimbabwean, South African and British training, Fanny is a FIATA certified international Trainer in Freight Forwarding, Logistics and Supply Chain Management – a Chartered Member of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CMILT), South Africa. He is also an Associate member of the Southern Africa Institute of Marketing (SAIM), and a member of the Southern African Institute for Management Scientists (SAIMS), the Association of Consumer Research (ACR), U.S.A., and of the Southern African Research and Innovation Management Association (SARIMA).

    Image result for Mr. Maurice Omane-AdjepongMr. Maurice Omane-Adjepong is currently a full-time second-year doctoral research candidate at the Graduate School for Business Administration, University of The Witwatersrand. Until joining Wits University, he was a full-time lecturer at the Department of Economics and Statistics of Garden City University, Kumasi, Ghana.

    He also tutored professional courses (quantitative techniques, optimization techniques, etc.) as part-time lecturer at Career Spring Institute, Kumasi, Ghana. Maurice obtained his Master of Philosophy in Applied Mathematics (with distinction) at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. He is a member of International Association of Official Statisticians, the Nederland Association of Statistics and Operational Research, and South African Statistical Association.

    His main research interest is on volatility modeling, market integration and forecasting, and application of statistics in development economics and finance. As a young practicing academic, Maurice has to his credentials several publications in ABS and ISI rated journals such as
    South African Journal of Economics, Applied Economics Letters, Research in Business International and Finance, and Physica A (Statistical Mechanics and its Applications).

    He is currently working on a number of research topics including fractality and the co-evolution of sub-Saharan African (SSA) and global markets dynamic behaviours. His PhD thesis dives into assets and commodity markets of BRICS. In his few years of academic practice, Maurice has garnered some levels of experiences from senior academics and students of different social and geographical backgrounds. He is modest, conservative and shares a Pan-Africanist ideology.

    Student Commitments

    Legal Declaration of Indemnity, Undertaking and Consent
    1. The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (hereafter referred to as ‘the University’) has insured itself for its liability arising from the acts and omissions of persons acting on its behalf, and that its registered students, staff and individuals who are subject to the University’s rules, regulations, policies, procedures and standing orders as amended from time to time are insured during the course and scope of their registered courses and/or within the scope of University’s business. This is subject to the proviso that the University’s maximum liability will be limited, whether for a single or multiple events, to the extent that is covered thereof;

    2. When the University arranges for me to travel to locations which are outside of the University’s precincts, and when traveling in vehicles which do not belong to the University’s and/or are not driven by University staff, I will enjoy only such cover as referred to in Section 1 above, provided that I depart and travel from the University’s precincts and return to it from an excursion arranged by the University, on a route agreed upon in advance by the University;

    3. In cases where no fault can be attributed to the University, I hereby indemnify, absolve and hold harmless the University, its officials, employees, students and invitees in respect of any damage the property, death or bodily injury to/of myself and/or third parties, whether on/off the University precincts, or whilst engaged in any related activity to the University abroad; and

    4. I understand that I attend and participate in the WBS Global Study Tour in various designated countries around the world during specified periods in 2019 at my own risk where the event falls outside the cover provided to or by the University.

    5. I acknowledge that I have read and understood the contents of this indemnity in every respect.
    This document is applicable to all modes of delivery of the Global Study Tour from 2017 onward. 

     

    Assessment Policy
    All assignments, including the attendance of the Amazing Race and all scheduled visits to businesses, other organisations, and cultural activities, is compulsory.

     

    Failure to comply with this policy will result in an automatic failure of this course. A record of attendance at each prescribed tour activity will be kept by the Tour Leader and will be submitted to the International Office as a formal record for student assessment. Should a student fail (including as a result of non-attendance and failure to participate), the tour will have to be repeated.

     

    A candidate who has not completed all the requirements for this tour by the end of the minimum period of study and who is permitted in terms of Senate Standing Orders to continue will be required to register again for this tour at the beginning of the following academic year and pay the relevant fee.

     

    Registration for the Global Study Tour
    A candidate is required to register and pay in advance for the Study Tour in order to be admitted to complete the course.

     

    If a candidate wishes to amend his/her selection of destination, a prescribed period of time will be permitted as indicated by the Global Study Tour Coordinator. However, no changes to the selection of destination will be entertained once confirmed.

     

    International Applicants
    Applications from international exchange and immersion students are welcome. All international students need to conform with the University’s requirements and the South African legislation that pertains to such students.

     

    Credits towards MBA or MM to other degrees
    Students may be granted credits for this tour at international partner schools however please note that the granting of credits is based on the credit weighting exchange between the WBS MBA and other international programmes.

     

    The pass mark for this course
    In order to pass the study tour, a student must obtain a minimum of 50% as a final mark subject to the subminimum rule.

     

    Fees
    Students must register for the Global Business Study Tour (BUSA 7442A) in order to pay the travel component cost for the study tour. Students will be advised as to the Rand value that has to be paid for the study tour of their choice. The deadline for the choice of study tour and payments will be communicated to students by the School’s International Office. Failure to pay the full fee for the Global Study Tour in advance or failure to attend the tour for whatever reason will still hold the student liable for the full amount as indicated for the selected tour package. Please note that fees may not involve the same costing as certain travel destinations are cheaper than others. Also, note that whenever indicated students will be responsible for their own transport and cost of meals and incidentals on each tour. Tour leaders do not carry additional funds to allow for students who do not make personal provision for their own expenses.

     

    Allocation of Marks
    The mark composition for each assignment will comprise a combination of marks awarded for assignment projects and fieldwork, both individual and syndicate work. The mark allocation for the course is detailed in the course pack.

     

    Syndicates may apply to have non-performing members excluded from the syndicate mark for their assignment, or have a portion of the total mark allocated to the non-performing student.

     

    Publication of Final Course Results
    The results of the global study tour will be published by the Faculty Office as soon as possible, normally within four weeks from assignment submission.

     

    Disputes and Grievances
    Any disputes or grievances that arise as a result of the application of, or failure to apply, the provisions of these Standing Orders should be managed within the Faculty’s existing appeals and grievance procedure. Problems should always be resolved as close to the source as possible. The grievance procedure policy and applicable forms are available from the Faculty Office.

     

    Code of Conduct
    All students will abide by the daily dress code as indicated by the Tour Leader depending on the daily schedule of events and places visited.

     

    Students are also advised that whilst they are encouraged to enjoy the tour, they are reminded that they are participating in a Wits Study Tour programme and are not traveling for their own leisure purposes. As such, the prime focus is on teaching and learning and at all times students will need to participate in all prescribed activities and field visits.

     

    Students are advised to heed the guidance and instruction of the designated Tour Leader on each trip. In addition, students are advised to serve as professional ambassadors of Wits University and the Wits Business School at all times whilst on tour. Students are also advised to download a copy of the Wits Student Code of Conduct to familiarise themselves with the policy.

     

    During visits, students are to ensure that all mobile phones are switched off.
    Students are to be punctual for all visits, failure to attend a visit without a valid reason will render your attendance as incomplete.

     

    Failure to adhere to the above could result in a disciplinary action being lodged against the student.

     

    Recording of Global Study Tour Activities
    Business visit sessions may only be recorded (by audio, images or video) with the express written permission of that organisation. Students will be required to agree in writing that:

      • recordings will only be used for purposes of their own private study and revision;
      • recordings will not be copied, shared, communicated, published or distributed in any format whatsoever and using any medium whatsoever, unless requested to do so by the lecturer;
      • unedited copies recordings will be provided to the lecturer if requested to do so; and
      • Copyright of all recordings remains the property of the University.

    It is noted that infringement of any of these conditions may result in disciplinary action being taken against the student.

    Please fill in the Indemnity and Standings Orders froms

    NB: To be completed before you leave.

    Company visits, hotels and activities

    Natura Brasil
    Site: https://www.naturabrasil.com/
    Visit the biggest cosmetics company in Brazil. The visit includes a tour through the main facilities and explanation about the sales strategies, the concept and use of “consultants” to sell products using catalogues, as well as sustainability and social responsibility.

     

    Distrito

    Visit major facilities and explanation about the kind of support and business consulting given to the associated startups, as well as the work environment and the company’s values.

    Brazil – São Paulo

    Melia Paulista – Click to view on TripAdvisor

    Located on the most popular avenue in the city of São Paulo. It is close to museums and cultural centres, parks amidst great skyscrapers, bookstores, bars, nightclubs, theatres and cinemas, as well as being in the main business centre of the country.

    Argentina – Beuno Airies

    Melia Paulista – Click to view on TripAdvisor

    Samba School: No trip to Rio de Janeiro would be complete without visiting a Samba School. Learn about the history, impact and culture around this Afro-Brazilian music and dance. 

     

    Museum of Tomorrow: an Applied Sciences museum which explores the opportunities and challenges which humanity will be forced to tackle in the coming decades from the perspective of sustainability and conviviality. An example of a well-succeeded partnership between public power and private initiative, it has received over three million visitors since opening

     

    Museum Afro Brazil: Guided visit in English. The museum holds expositions that show African influences in Brazil, including the aspects brought by slavery.

     

    Half-day tour to coffee plantation: Brazil is the world’s largest producer of coffee, supplying about a third of global demand. Visit a farm located 80 miles away from São Paulo, in the region of Campinas. The plantation has 840 hectares (2.075 acres) in production, growing 1.5 million coffee trees. It’s the best-preserved coffee farm in the region and is still actively producing coffee.